Among the planet’s most dynamic and varied ecosystems are coral reefs. These enormous underwater structures are created by coral polyps, which are microscopic creatures that secrete calcium carbonate, slowly building up layers of “shell” over the centuries. The Great Barrier Reef in Australia, spanning more than 1,400 miles, is large enough to be seen from space
Some people may consider coral reefs special solely because of their vibrant colors, but these reefs are absolutely teeming with life. Sea turtles float between schools of vivid blue tangs, crabs scuttle about, and fish dart through vibrant coral branches. Coral reefs provide food and shelter for about 25% of all marine species, and entire ecosystems are predicated on their continued existence. Coral reefs operate similarly to underwater cities, with each creature playing a role in a larger system.
For example, the algae that parrotfish graze on would otherwise suffocate coral, and larger fish parasites are picked up by cleaner shrimp. Microscopic algae known as zooxanthellae, which produce energy through photosynthesis, are even found inside the coral itself. Through this collaboration, the reef’s amazing productivity is sustained in otherwise nutrient-poor waters.
However, coral reefs decompose quickly under stress despite their overall resilience. Coral bleaching, a phenomenon precipitated by warmer waters, causes corals to lose their algae and, along with them, their primary source of color and energy. Bleached corals die and crumble if they don’t recover, and problems like overfishing and pollution bring reefs closer to collapse.
According to scientists, almost half of the planet’s coral reefs have already disappeared. Millions of people depend on reefs for fishing and tourism, so this loss goes beyond just aesthetics–coastlines erode more quickly and marine life loses vital habitat as reefs deteriorate.
In an attempt to curb these dire consequences, researchers and conservation organizations across the globe are currently attempting to restore these ecosystems. In certain projects, new coral growth is initiated by 3D-printed reef structures. Others test coral strains that can withstand higher temperatures. All in all, the goal of every endeavor is to restore what decades of harm have destroyed.
On land, minor adjustments can also be beneficial. Sunscreen safe for reefs minimizes chemical runoff. Reducing the use of plastic stops pollution from entering the ocean. Moreover, supporting reef-friendly travel and sustainable fishing reduces the strain on ecosystems.
Seas are alive because of coral reefs. They provide more color and vitality than practically any other location on Earth and nourish underwater communities. The future of the ocean, dependent on these living cities of underwater color and vibrant light, is only protected if the Earth’s coral reefs are protected.
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